Improvement in plows



A. SMITH.

Plow-Moldboard.

Patented Maly 6, 1844.

AM.PHOTQLITHD. $0. N.Y. (OSBURNE'S PROCESS.)

UNTTED STATES PATENTV Garten.

AARON SMITH, OF BLOOMFIELD, MICHIGAN'.

IIVIPROVEMENTIN PLWS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 3,576, dated May 6, 1844.

field, in the countyof Oakland and State ot' Michigan, have made certain new and useful ImprovemeutsinPlows ot' Gast-Iron; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and' exact description thereof. T

My improvements consist in the manner of attaching the landside and mold-board to cach other and in the particular manner in which I form the mold-board.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1. represents the inner side ot' the mold-board, the landside and share heilig removed for the purpose of showing the. wing or head-piece (t, by which the landside is connected to it. rlhe head-piece or wing a is cast in one piece with the mold-board; but itis separate inthe pattern for the purpose ot molding it with convenience. Fig. 2 is a view of the same parts, looking at the under side ot' the moldlooard and wing or head when east. The head or wing a stands ott' from the mold-board at the proper angle to receive the landside on its face a, Fig. l, the two parts being held together by a screwbolt at b. A brace-piece at c serves to strengthen the wing by connecting it at its upper part with the mold-board. Fig. 3 shows the inner side of the wing or head a. Fig. 4 represents the outer face of the landsideplate, and Fig. 5its inner side. A liange, d d, extends the whole length of its lower edge, projecting out on each side. A notch, e, is cast in the lower edge of the wing e, into which a corresponding projecting piece, f, cast on the inner side ofthe landside, ts. There is also a liauge or projecting fillet at g, on the inner side ot' the landside, and as the wing a fits-in between the flanges d and g, these, with the screw-nut b and the piece f, hold the two parts together with great rinness. Fig.

G is a view of the sole ofthe share, which is to be attached to the mold-board by means of a screw-nut and ai lip, 7L, as in some other plows. When the share is in place its edge i embraces the fore endof the landside. Figf' is a plan of my plow as I draw it on my work- `ing-board when prepariu g to make a pattern.

The numbers on the line j j, representing the landside, show the distances between the principal points of-the varyin g outline of the moldboard, as marked by the dotted lines drawn at right angles to the landside and terminating in those principal points. The distances from the face ot' the landside to those principal points are marked on these dotted lines. Fig. S is a right-hand or face view of the moldboard with the share attached, showing the outline of its respective sides. The line k lis erected perpendicularly from the peint of the mold-board. The measurements on the dotted lines drawn horizontally from the perpendicular give the outline ot the head of the board, said measurements being taken at the respective distances niarked`on the perpendicular. The line m m is drawn in the plane ofthe base ofthe mold-board, and the numbers on the perpendicular drawn from this line give,the outlineot' thelower sideof theendot' the board and .also ot' the top of it as far as the line op,

andthe measurements from the line p i", drawn through the point p parallel to the plane of the base of the board, give its remaining outline to the sheth.

The line u b cp is a guide-line in forming the face of the board. rlhe manner ot forming the curve u b has been already given. That ot' b cp may be determined by the scale of one and a half inch to the foot, which is that to which the respective figures are drawn. The manner in which the line u b 010 becomes a guide-line in forming the face of the board will presently he shown. Y

The line 0 p is a perpendicular7 standing at the point where the furrow is on its edge in aperpendicular position. The face ofthe moldboard at this point is exactly perpendicular, and the line op from gto p is in it. q pis also 'one ot' the guide-lines in forming the face ot' v the board.

ByFig.7 it will be seen that the width from theline of the lower side'ot the end of the mold-boardis eighteen and one-halfinches; at the point o ofthe perpendicular, eleven inches; at the heel s ofthe feather ot' the share, eight inches; at the heel of the incid-board, nine and one-half inches, and the same at the point t, this point corresponding to the point t in Fig. 8. The rise of the'line of the board to t' is made at such rate, compared with the spread ot' the board, as will exactly preserve through that distance the same width of the plow as at the heel. From t to the perpendicular the rise is such that the increased width of the plow, Fig. 7, is to the distance as one and y one-half to three and three-fourths inches,

and from the perpendicular tothe end ot' the board the like measurements are as six and three-fourths to seven and one-half inches. This rise and spread of this part ofthe board isjust that which is required to keep up the lower part of the furrow-slice with the least crowding action against it until the whole is raised to a perpendicular and borne over. The point t being where the action on the furrowslice following that of the heel commences, I make that a point through which to draw a line from the point of the mole-board u to the perpendicular. This line also lies in the surface ofthe board, and is a guide-line. The lines cp and c u both being in the surface of the board-the one where the furrow-slice is nearly horizontal and the other where it is perpendicularthe point c, Fig. 8, I take as a radiating-point, and from it I draw a series of lines which are to touch the curve u b cp. straight-edge is to lie in each of these radiating lines so as to tit the actual mold-board. The same gure also exhibits another series of lines which lie in the surface of the board. These are parallel to the forward part of the base u s ofl the board and touch the curve u by Ac p and the perpendicular op. They possess the same character with the radiating lines of being fitted by a straight-edge. The angle formed bythe base of the landside and the line ulsis one of about thirty-seven and a half degrecs.

There are other lines in the ligure between the perpendicular and the end ot' the moldboard; but these touch itonlyat its upper edge, as between these points the board overhangs. In other words, the plane perpendicular to the base which touches its upper edge cuts the line o w, Fig. 9, and the plane that touchesits surface from the top to the line y z cuts the iine o a', the declension ot the latter being at its base just two inches at the end of the board. From the dotted line y z a to the edge ofthe board yq a its face is chamfered otf at the rate of one-fourth inch to an inch, the widest part being about two inches.

iThe triangular space a s m, Fig. S, represents a part of the board which is cut ott' so as to form a perpendicular face of from an inch to an inch and a half at its rearend, at ma', and

lessening in width as it approaches the share. ats. This is shown also by the line m s, Fig. 7. I have found that this form gives a smooth rise to the furrow-slice. When this part of the mold-board is not removed it is/subject to severe wear from the excessive friction ,againstl it. The resistance from this cause I obviate entirely, and thereby increase also the durability otl the board.

.The points which I have aimed at in this form of the board have been to raise the furlrowslicc in the easiest manner from left to right and to turn it exactly over its righthand edge. The horizontal lines in the drawings represent the rise of the furrow-slice, and the radiating lines the manner of its turning as its rises until it falls over after passing the perpendicular 019.1 I have arrived at this form ofthe moldboard and the relative dimensions of the respective parts after a long series of trials, and have therefore adopted it as the basis upon which I proceed, whether the plow be of the size designated or differing therefrom in its dimensions.

Having thus fully described the nature of my improvements in the plow, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is A The particular manner in which I form the face of my mold-board, as herein set forththat is t0 say, by taking a radiating-point in the particular position designated in the drawf ings by the letter o in the perpendicular line op, and at a height above the plane of the sole of the plow such as is herein designated, and from o as a center so forming all the radiating lines between the point a and thc upper end of the perpendicular p as that a straightedgc shall touch the face throughout the said range, the lines Abetween the perpendicular and the end of the board beingstraight and inclined over, as described, and the lilies of the face of the mold-board parallel to its base also being straight, as set forth.

I ain fully aware that mold-boards have been made with the lines straight which are parallel to its base, but not parallel, as I believe, to the edge u s of the board; and I amalso aware that lines radiating from an assumed point have been applied to the forming of the face of a mold'board, such lines having been straight, or of such a curvature as may have been preferred by the maker; but such assumed radiating-point has vbeen below the base -line of the mold-board, and hasl consequently failed in effecting the pnrpose intended. I do not therefore claim anything new in the principle; but I do claim to have devised a mode of carrying out the principle upon which mymold-board is formed, so as to have constructed an instrument more perfect in its action than any hitherto made. And I will here observe thatwhile Ihave given such precise measurements and proportions as I have found and verily believe to be the best in practice, they may be deviated from to a slight extent without essentially changing the construction of the improved plow. The radiating and parallel lines, for example, may beV slightly curved, instead ot' being straight., The particular outline may also be in some degree changed, While the whole structure Would remain substantially as described, and my right be as readily violated as though such colorable changes had not been made.

AARON SMITH.

Witnesses:

GEO. H. SATTERLEE, J as. CROW. 

